Chinese Botanical Paintings,
Tetrapanax papyriferum (Hook.)Koch

Volume I, Plates 1-11

Timeline of Tetrapanax papyriferum:
265-420 A.D.
The earliest mention of the use of pith paper is thought to be during the Tsin Dynasty (265-420 A.D.). In the official records in the year of Jiann Kang "Jiann Kang Shyr Luh", it is mentioned that the emperor ordered servants to arrange flowers made from "Tung-tsaou".

1590
Image of Rice Paper plant is published in 1590 in the Pen ts'ao kang mu (Chinese Materia Medica) by Shizhen Li.

1634
Pith papermaking discussed in T'ien Kung K'ai Wu, a guide to Chinese technology in the 17th century.

1690
Rice paper plant first mentioned in Western literature in Georg Eberhard Rumpf's Herbarium Amboinenes under the name Buglossum litoreum.
1805
The first examples of "rice-paper" were brought to England in 1805 from China by a Dr. Livingstone.
Circa 1825
Pith paper paintings begin to be produced in Southern China, more than likely for the tourist trade.

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Volume I, Plates 1-11
Timeline of Tetrapanax papyriferum: 265-420 A.D. The earliest mention of the use of pith paper is thought to be during the Tsin Dynasty (265-420 A.D.). In the official records in the year of Jiann Kang "Jiann Kang Shyr Luh", it is mentioned that the emperor ordered servants to arrange flowers made from "Tung-tsaou". 1590 Image of Rice Paper plant is published in 1590 in the Pen ts'ao kang mu (Chinese Materia Medica) by Shizhen Li. 1634 Pith papermaking discussed in T'ien Kung K'ai Wu, a guide to Chinese technology in the 17th century. 1690 Rice paper plant first mentioned in Western literature in Georg Eberhard Rumpf's Herbarium Amboinenes under the name Buglossum litoreum. 1805 The first examples of "rice-paper" were brought to England in 1805 from China by a Dr. Livingstone. Circa 1825 Pith paper paintings begin to be produced in Southern China, more than likely for the tourist trade.		plate 1 plate 4 plate 7 plate 10	plate 2 plate 5 plate 8 plate 11	plate 3 plate 6 plate 9

Volume II, Plates 1-18

1830
General Hardwicke identifies the "rice-paper" plant as Aeschynomene paludosa in Botanical Miscellany v.1, 1830.

1834
George Bennett, in his Wanderings in New South Wales (1834) publishes the first picture of the "rice paper" plant available to the western world. [Image can be seen on the main exhibit page]

1850
Sir William Jackson Hooker receives the first samples of pith paper, a model of the knife used in cutting the plant, and a series of paintings detailing the plant and the production of the rice paper.

1852
Berthold Seeman, during the voyage of the H.M.S. Herald , collected a specimen of the rice paper plant that he believed belonged to the family Malvaceae.

1852
Hooker receives first living specimens of the plant and comes to the conclusion that the "rice paper" plant is part of the Araliaceous family and so re-names it Aralia Papyrifera, Hook.

1855
Hooker receives a flowering specimen from J. W. Bowring esq., Hong Kong, and is able to prepare a complete description for Curtis's Botanical Magazine
mid to late 1850s
With increased European interest, the market for pith paper and its product greatly expands.

1859
German botanist Karl Koch, in Wochenschrift fur Gartnerei und Pflanzenkunde recharacterizes the plant as a Didymopanax, subgenus Tetrapanax.

1903
Over 144,000 lbs of rice paper are exported from Taiwan, and 2,000-3,000 people are employed in the rice paper artificial flower industry in Canton, China, and Hong Kong alone.

circa 1920
The European demand for rice paper paintings dies out.

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Additional Links of Interest:
Main Exhibit Page, Botanical Paintings

Botany Library Archives

Botany Library
On-Line Exhibits Page

Arnold Arboretum
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Volume II, Plates 1-18
1830 General Hardwicke identifies the "rice-paper" plant as Aeschynomene paludosa in Botanical Miscellany v.1, 1830. 1834 George Bennett, in his Wanderings in New South Wales (1834) publishes the first picture of the "rice paper" plant available to the western world. [Image can be seen on the main exhibit page] 1850 Sir William Jackson Hooker receives the first samples of pith paper, a model of the knife used in cutting the plant, and a series of paintings detailing the plant and the production of the rice paper. 1852 Berthold Seeman, during the voyage of the H.M.S. Herald , collected a specimen of the rice paper plant that he believed belonged to the family Malvaceae. 1852 Hooker receives first living specimens of the plant and comes to the conclusion that the "rice paper" plant is part of the Araliaceous family and so re-names it Aralia Papyrifera, Hook. 1855 Hooker receives a flowering specimen from J. W. Bowring esq., Hong Kong, and is able to prepare a complete description for Curtis's Botanical Magazine mid to late 1850s With increased European interest, the market for pith paper and its product greatly expands. 1859 German botanist Karl Koch, in Wochenschrift fur Gartnerei und Pflanzenkunde recharacterizes the plant as a Didymopanax, subgenus Tetrapanax. 1903 Over 144,000 lbs of rice paper are exported from Taiwan, and 2,000-3,000 people are employed in the rice paper artificial flower industry in Canton, China, and Hong Kong alone. circa 1920 The European demand for rice paper paintings dies out.		plate 1 plate 4 plate 7 plate 10 plate 13 plate 16 Additional Links of Interest: Main Exhibit Page, Botanical Paintings Botany Library Archives Botany Library On-Line Exhibits Page Arnold Arboretum	plate 2 plate 5 plate 8 plate 11 plate 14 plate 17	plate 3 plate 6 plate 9 plate 12 plate 15 plate 18