LICHENS OF
Irwin M. Brodo
April 2004
Published additions to the flora
Corrections, additions, and changes to text
Lichen taxonomy has travelled down a long road since the publication of “The Lichens of Long Island” (LLI) (Brodo 1968). Monographs have appeared, classifications have been clarified or refined, synonymies have been discovered, and circumscriptions of genera and species have changed. As a result, the keys and descriptions in LLI have become difficult to use. This revision of the names found in that volume are based, with very few exceptions, on the most current edition of the North American Lichen Checklist” prepared by Theodore Esslinger (Esslinger 2002), with special attention given to the changes suggested by Harris (1987). The names found in LLI are listed alphabetically with the currently accepted names in bold. Taxa mentioned in the discussions but are not main entries (i.e., part of the L.I. flora) are listed as well, in italics. Taxonomic problems are also indicated. Additions or changes to the L.I. flora published over the past 35 years (Delendick 1994, Dirig 1996, Harris et al. 1987, Harris 1987) are included in the summary checklist. Finally, a complete “Erratum” is presented at the end. I urge those finding additional errors or problems in the taxonomic part of the book (pages 107-330) to contact me so that the changes can be included in future up-dates.
Alectoria glabra Mot. = Bryoria glabra (Mot.) Brodo & D. Hawksw., but L.I. specimen probably mislabelled.
Alectoria nidulifera Norrl. in Nyl. = Bryoria furcellata (Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw.
Anaptychia obscurata (Nyl.) Vainio = Heterodermia obscurata (Nyl.) Trevisan
Anaptychia pseudospeciosa Kurok.: L. I.
specimens = Heterodermia speciosa (Wulfen) Trevisan
Arthonia impolita (“Ehrh.”) Borrer [(Hoffm.) Borrer] = Arthonia pruinata (Pers.) A. L. Smith (not “Arthonia pruinosa Ach.”)
Arthopyrenia halodytes (Nyl.)
Arthopyrenia sublitoralis (Leighton)
Arthopyrenia pinicola (Hepp) A. Massal. = A. cinereopruinosa (Schaerer) A. Massal.
Bacidia albescens (Hepp) Zwack. = Bacidina phacodes (Körber) Vĕzda
Bacidia atrogrisea (
Bacidia chlorantha (Tuck.) Fink = Ropalospora chlorantha (Tuck.) S. Ekman
Bacidia chlorococca (Graewe in Stizenb.) Lettau = Scoliciosporum chlorococcum (Stenh.) Vĕzda
Bacidia chlorostica (Tuck.) A. Schneider = Micarea chlorosctica (Tuck.) R. C. Harris
Bacidia effusa auct. = Bacidina assulata (Körber) S. Ekman
Bacidia fuscorubella (Hoffm.) Bausch. = B. polychroa (Th. Fr.) Körber
Bacidia intermedia (Hepp in Stizenb.)
Bacidia inundata (Fr.) Körb. = Bacidina inundata (Fr.) Vĕzda
Bacidia trisepta (Naegeli in Müll.
Bacidia umbrina (Ach.) Bausch = Scoliciosporum umbrinum (Ach.)
Buellia curtisii (Tuck.) Imshaug = Baculifera curtisii (Tuck.) Marbach
Buellia dialyta (Nyl.) Tuck. = Chrismofulvea dialyta (Nyl.) Marbach
Buellia polyspora (Willey in Tuck.) Vainio = Amandinea polyspora (Willey) E. Lay & P. May
Buellia punctata (Hoffm.) A. Massal. = Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid.
Buellia turgescens Tuck. = Buellia badia (Fr.) A. Massal. (Syn. Amandinea turgescens (Nyl.) Marbach) (Bungartz &
Nash 2004)
Caloplaca aurantiaca (Lightf.) Th. Fr. = C. flavorubescens (
Caloplaca discolor (Willey in
Tuck.) Fink = Caloplaca xanthstigmoidea (Räs.) Zahlbr.
Caloplaca pyracea (Ach.) Th. Fr.: L.I. specimens, at least in part, = C. holocarpa
(Hoffm. ex Ach.) M. Wade
Cetraria ciliaris Ach.: L.I. specimens
represent both Tuckermannopsis ciliaris (Ach.) Gyelnik and T.
Cetraria fendleri (Nyl.) Tuck. = Tuckermannopsis fendleri (Nyl.) Hale
Cetraria herrei Imsh. = Platismatia herrei (Imsh.) Culb. & C. Culb.
Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. subsp. crispa (Ach.) Cromb.: L.I. specimens = C. arenaria Kärnefelt (see also Dirig 1996)
Cetraria juniperina (L.) Ach.: North American specimens = Vulpicida viridis (see below) or V. canadensis (Räsänen) J.-E. Mattsson & M. J. Lai
Cetraria lacunosa Ach. = Platismatia lacunosa (Ach.) Culb & C. Culb.
Cetraria tuckermanii Oakes in Tuck. = Platismatia tuckermanii (Oakes) Culb. & C. Culb.
Cetraria viridis Schwein. in Halsey = Vulpicida
viridis (Schwein.) J.-E. Mattsson & M. J. Lai
Cladonia alpestris (L.) Rabenh. = C. stellaris
(Opiz) Pouzar & Vĕzda (Syn. Cladina stellaris (Opiz) Brodo)
Cladonia arbuscula (Wallr.) Rabenh. = C. arbuscula (Wallr.) Flotow (Syn. Cladina arbuscula (Wallr.) Hale & Culb.)
Cladonia bacillaris (Ach.) Nyl. = chemical race of C. macilenta Hoffm.
Cladonia brevis Sandst. = C. brevis (Sandst.) Sandst.
Cladonia calycantha Nyl.: L.I. specimens = C.
rappii A. Evans var. exilior (Abbayes) Ahti
Cladonia clavulifera Vainio = C. subcariosa Nyl. s. lat. (including C.
sobolescens Nyl.
Ex Vainio) CHECK AHTI NEOTROPICS
Cladonia caroliniana Tuck: L.I. specimens
= C. dimorphoclada Robbins
Cladonia carassensis Vainio: L.I.
specimens = thamnolic acid race of C. crispata (Ach.)
Flotow
Cladonia capitata (Michaux) Sprengel = C. peziziformis (With.) J. R. Laundon
Cladonia chlorophaea: all L.I. specimens but one = C. grayi G. Merr. ex Sandst.; 1 specimen = C. cryptochlorphaea Asah.
Cladonia nemoxyna (Ach.)
Cladonia polycarpia G. Merr. = C. subcariosa Nyl. s. lat.
Cladonia pityrea (Flörke) Fr. = C. ramulosa (With.) J. R. Laundon
Cladonia squamosa (Scop.) Hoffm. = C. squamosa Hoffm.
Cladonia verticillata (Hoffm.) Schaerer = C. cervicornis (Ach.) Flotow subsp. verticillata (Hoffm.) Ahti
Cladonia vulcanica Zoll. = C. didyma (Fée) Vainio var. vulcanica (Zoll. & Moritzi) Vainio
Collema subfurvum (Müll. Arg.) Degel. sensu
Degelius = C. subflaccidum Degel.
Dimerella diluta (Pers.)
Trev. = D. pineti (Ach.) Vězda (=Coenogonium??
see Lücking & Kalb 2000)
Dimerella lutea (Dicks.) Trev. (perhaps Coenogonium
luteum (Dicks.) Kalb & Lücking; see Lücking & Kalb 2000)
Diploschistes scruposus
(Schreber)
Haematomma ochrophaeum (Tuck.) A. Massal. = Loxospora ochrophaea (Tuck.) R. C. Harris
Haematomma elatinum (Ach.) A. Massal. = Loxospora elatina (Ach.) A. Massal.
“Cfr. Haematomma sp.” = Loxospora pustulata (Brodo & Culb.)
R. C. Harris
Ionaspis odora (Ach. in Schaerer) Th. Fr.: L.I. and
Lecanora allophana (Ach.) Nyl. = L. allophana Nyl.
Lecanora atra (
Lecanora caesiocinerea Nyl. = Aspicilia caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.)
Lecanora caesiorubella Ach. subsp. lathamii Imsh. & Brodo = L.
caesiorubella subsp. prolifera (Fink) R. C. Harris (Syn. L. subpallens Zahlbr.)
Lecanora chlarona (Ach.) Nyl = L. pulicaris (Pers.) Ach.
Lecanora chlarotera Nyl.: most L.I.
specimens = L. hybocarpa (Tuck.) Brodo
Lecanora cinerea (L.) Sommerf. = Aspicilia cinerea (L.)
Körber
Lecanora conizaea “(Ach.) Nyl.” [auct.] = L.
strobilina (Sprengel) Kieffer
Lecanora degelii Schauer & Brodo = L. cinereofusca H. Magn.
Lecanora laevis Poelt: L.I. specimens = L.
xylophila Hue (Syn. L. grantii H. Magn.)
Lecanora pinastri (Schaerer) H. Magn. = L. pulicaris (Pers.) Ach., but application of the name in the sense of the key is unclear.
Lecanora rubina (Vill.) Ach.: L.I. material probably = Rhizoplaca
subdiscrepans (Nyl.) R. Sant.
Lecanora subfuscata H. Magn. = L. argentata (Ach.) Malme
“Lecanora cfr. varia”: L.I. material requires study.
“Lecanora sp.” = L. imshaugii Brodo
Lecidea aeruginosa Borr. in Hooker & Sowerby = Trapeliopsis flexuosa (Fr.) Coppins & P. James
Lecidea albocaerulescens (Wulf. In Jacq.) Ach. = Porpidia albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel & Knoph
Lecidea anthracophila Nyl. = Hypocenomyce anthracophila (Nyl.) P. James & Gotth. Schneider
Lecidea botryosa (Fr.) Th. Fr.: L.I. specimens probably = Hertelidea pseudobotryosa R.C. Harris, Ladd
& Printzen in Printzen and Kantvilas (R.C. Harris, pers. comm.)
Lecidea coarctata (Turn.in Sm. & Sowerby) Nyl.:
Lecidea erratica Körber = Micarea erratica (Körber) Hertel, Rambold & Pietschmann
Lecidea erratica var. planetica (Tuck.) Lowe = Lecidea planetica Tuck.
Lecidea granulosa (Ehrh.) Ach. = Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch
Lecidea macrocarpa (DC. In Lam. & DC.) Steud. = Porpidia macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & A. J. Schwab
Lecidea myriocarpoides Nyl. = L. plebeja Nyl.
Lecidea oligotropha J. R. Laundon = Placynthiella oligotropha (J. R. Laundon) Coppins & P. James
Lecidea scalaris (Ach.) Ach. = Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach.) M.
Choisy
Lecidea sylvicola Flotow = Micarea sylvicola (Flotow) Vĕzda & V. Wirth
Lecidea uliginosa (Schrader) Ach. = Placynthiella uliginosa (Schrader) Coppins & P. James
Lecidea varians Ach. = Pyrrhospora varians (Ach.) R. C. Harris
Lecidea vernalis (L.) Ach. = Biatora vernalis (L.) Fr., but
some or all of the L.I. specimens may prove to be B. subduplex (Nyl.) Printzen and/or B. longispora (Degel.) ined.
Lecidea viridescens (Schrader in Gmel.) Ach. = Trapeliopsis viridescens (Schrader) Coppins & P. James
Lepraria zonata Brodo = L. neglecta (Nyl.) Erichsen
“Lepraria sp.” = L. lobificans Nyl. (Syn.
L. finkii (B. de Lesd. In
Leptogium cyanescens (Ach.) Körber = L. cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körber
Melanaria macounii Lamb = Pertusaria macounii (Lamb) Dibben
Melanotheca cruenta (
Micarea prasina (Fr.) Körber = Micarea prasina
Fr.
Ochrolechia parella (L.) A. Massal.: L.I.
specimens = O. pseudopallescens Brodo
Ochrolechia rosella (Müll. Arg.) Vers. = O.
trochophora (Vainio) Oshio
“Ochrolechia sp.” = O. africana Vainio
Opegrapha cinerea Chevall. = O. vulgata Ach.
Parmeliopsis aleurites (Ach.) Nyl. = Imshaugia aleurites (Ach.) S. F. Meyer
Parmeliopsis placorodia (Ach.) Nyl. = Imshaugia placorodia (Ach.) S. F. Meyer
Parmelia appalachensis Culb. = Punctelia appalachensis (Culb.) Krog
Parmelia arseneana Gyelnik = Xanthoparmelia novomexicana (Gyelnik) Hale, but L.I. material should be checked.
Parmelia aurulenta Tuck. = Myelochroa aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix & Hale
Parmelia bolliana Müll.
Parmelia caperata (L.) Ach. = Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale
Parmelia cetrarioides = Cetrelia cetrarioides (Duby) Culb. & C. Culb.
Parmelia conspersa (Ach.) Ach. = Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ehrh. ex
Ach.) Hale
Parmelia dilatata Vainio = Parmotrema dilatatum
(Vainio) Hale
Parmelia frondifera Merr. = Punctelia
bolliana (Müll.
Parmelia galbina Ach. = Myelochroa galbina (Ach.) Elix & Hale
Parmelia hypotropa Nyl. = Parmotrema hypotropum (Nyl.) Hale
Parmelia livida
Parmelia michauxiana Zahlbr. = Parmotrema submarginale (Michx.) DePriest & B. Hale
Parmelia olivetorum Nyl. = Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) Culb. & C. Culb.
Parmelia perforata (Wulf. In Jacq.) Ach. = Parmotrema perforatum (Jacq.) A.
Massal.
Parmelia perlata (
Parmelia plittii Gyelnik = Xanthoparmelia plittii (Gyelnik) Hale
Parmelia reticulata
Parmelia rudecta Ach. = Punctelia rudecta (Ach.) Krog
Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach.: some of the L.I. specimens = Parmelia squarrosa Hale
Parmelia stenophylla (Ach.) Heug. = Xanthoparmelia somloënsis (Gyelnik) Hale
Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. = Melanelia
subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl.
Parmelia subrudecta Nyl. = Punctelia subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog, but L.I. specimens should be restudied.
Parmelia tasmanica Hooker = Xanthoparmelia tasmanica (Hook. f.
&
Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd. var. variolosa = P. leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyelnik
Peltigera canina (L.) Willd. var. rufescens (Weiss) Mudd = P. rufescens (Weiss) Humb.
Peltigera canina var. spuria (Ach.) Schaerer = probably P. didactyla (With.) J. R. Laundon (specimens should be checked)
Peltigera canina var. ulorrhiza (Flörke) Schaerer = possibly P. ponojensis Gyelnik (specimens should be checked)
Pertusaria alpina Hepp in Ahles = Pertusaria alpina Hepp ex Ahles
Pertusaria multipuncta (Turn.) Nyl.: all or most L.I. specimens = P. ophthalmiza (Nyl.) Nyl.
Pertusaria tuberculifera Nyl.: L.I. specimens = P.
paratuberculifera Dibben
Phaeographis dendritica (Ach.) Müll.
Physcia orbicularis (Necker) Pötsch f. rubropulchra Degel. = Phaeophyscia rubropulchra (Degel.) Essl.
Physcia orbicularis (Necker) Pötsch “f. orbicularis”: in part, perhaps Phaeophyscia pusilloides (see additions below).
Physcia tribacoides “Nyl.” [auct.] = Physcia
Polyblastiopsis fallax (Nyl.) Fink = Arthopyrenia analepta (Ach.) A.
Massal.; Syn. A. fallax (Nyl.)
Polyblastiopsis fallaciosa (Stizenb.) Zahlbr.
= Julella fallaciosa (
Polyblastiopsis quercicola Brodo = Julella fallaciosa (
Polyblastiopsis lactea (A. Massal.) Zahlbr. = Julella lactea (A. Massal.) M. E. Barr
Porina cestrensis (Tuck. in W. Darl.) Müll. Arg. = P.
cestrensis (Tuck ex Michener) Müll. Arg.
Porina hibernica P. James & Swins.: probably not that; L.I. specimens need to be reexamined.
Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf: L.I. specimens = P. consocians (Vainio) Hale & Culb.
Pyrenula nitida (Weig.) Ach; specimens = P. pseudobufonia (Rehm) R. C. Harris
Ramalina fastigiata (Lilj.) Ach.: L.I. specimens = R.
Rhizocarpon intermedium Degel. = R. eupetraeum (Nyl.)
Rhizocarpon
obscuratum (Ach.)
Rhizocarpon plicatile “(Leighton) A. L. Smith”: L.I. specimens probably = R. rubescens
Th. Fr.
Rinodina confragosa (Ach.) Körber: L.I. specimens = R. tephraspis (Tuck.) Herre [fide Sheard in litt, 2003]
Rinodina milliaria Tuck. = Amandinea milliaria (Tuck.) P. May & Sheard
Rinodina oreina (Ach.) A. Massal. = Dimelaena oreina (Ach.)
Rinodina salina Degel. = R. gennarii
Bagl.
Sarcogyne pruinosa auct. = S.
regularis Körber
Sarcogyne simplex (Davies) Nyl. = Polysporina simplex (Davies) Vězda
Trypethelium virens Tuck. in
Umbilicaria papulosa (Ach.) Nyl. = Lasallia papulosa (Ach.) Llano
“Usnea sp. [U. subfusca sensu Motyka]”: possibly = U. subscabrosa
Mot.;
needs checking. [see
Verrucaria microspora “Nyl.” [auct.] = V. halizoa Leighton
Calicium parvum Tibell (Harris et. al. 1987)
Candelariella efflorescens R. C. Harris & Buck (Harris 1987)
Chaenotheca brunneola (Ach.) Müll.
Chaenothecopsis pusilla (Ach.) A. F. W. Schmidt (Harris 1987, sub Ch. subpusilla (Vainio) Tibell )
Chrysothrix candelaris (L.) J. R. Laundon (Harris
et. al. 1987)
Cladonia chlorophaea (Flörke in Sommerf.) Sprengel s. str. (Harris 1987)
Conotrema urceolatum (Ach.) Tuck. (Harris 1987)
Endocarpon pusillum Hedw. (Harris 1987)
Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. (Harris 1987)
Flavoparmelia baltimorensis (Gyelnik & Foriss) Hale (Harris 1987)
Parmotrema crinitum (Ach.) Choisy (Harris 1987)
Parmotrema hypoleucinum (Steiner) Hale (Harris 1987)
Phaeocalicium polyporaeum (Nyl.) Tibell (Harris et. al. 1987)
Phaeophyscia pusilloides (Zahlbr.) Essl. (Harris 1987)
Placynthiella oligotropha (J. R. Laundon) Coppins (Harris et. al. 1987)
Polysporina lapponica (Ach. ex Schaerer) Degel. (Harris 1987, sub Acarospora subfuscescens (Nyl.) H. Magn.)
Usnea ceratina Ach. (Harris 1987)
Usnea pensylvanica Motyka (Harris 1987, sub U. rubicunda Stirton; see Lendemer 2004, in press)
Corrections, Additions, and
Changes to Text
The drawing on the cover and title page is Cladonia (Cladina) submitis Evans, done by Brenda Carter Haas.
The entire Roy Latham lichen collection has
been deposited at the New York State Museum (NYS) in
p. viii after line 5. In line with “Distribution of…,” add: Floristic changes . . . . . 275
p. x after line 3. Add 1b. Trees ranked in order of their bark moisture capacity . . 26
p. 18 Locality “44” to the right of locality 32 in south-central L.I. should be 41.
p. 29 line 7. For “…but there are…” read: but it is…
p. 43 Draw vertical arrow pointing downward between “Weeds sparse…” and “Grass becoming…”
p. 52 Legend to Table 5, line 3. For “… as in Table 1” read: as in table 4.”
p. 77 line 29. For “see table 7” read: see table 6.
p. 88 line 19. Fort “i.e.,” read: e.g.
p. 107 line
3. After (113), add: near
p. 113 Group I, couplet 3: for “obling,” read oblong.
couplet 7: for “2 to 3 septate” read: 2 to 5 septate.
p. 127 Under CLADONIA, line 3: For “0.75 mm” read: 8 mm.
p. 153 Add “7.” before OPEGRAPHA Ach.
p. 157 line 5. Change “P. rhaphidosprema” to P. rhaphidosperma.
p. 208 line 1. For “35-42 µ” read: 36-45 µ.
p. 210 line 11. For “fumarprotocetraric acid present” read: fumarprotocetraric and salazinic acids present.
p. 222 4th line from bottom: For “10-20(-25) mm” read: 1.0-2.0(-2.5) mm.
p. 224 Main entry 176. For “Candelaria,” read: Candelariella.
p. 227 line 35. For “figure 27” read: figure 22.
p. 310 For “Hulten” read: Hultén.
p. 311 For “Kuchler” read: Küchler.
p. 312 For “Love” read: Löve.
Add: Magnusson
1935 (“1936”). On saxicolous species of the genus Lecidea proper
to
p. 313 For “Rasanen” read: Räsänen.
Brodo,
Bungartz, F. & T.H. Nash III. 2004. Buellia turgescens is synonymous with Buellia badia and must not be included in Amandinea. The Bryologist 107: 21-27.
Delendick, T. J. 1994. Notes on the lichens of eastern
Dirig, R. 1996. A
clarification on "Iceland Moss" on
Esslinger, T. L. 1997. A cumulative checklist for
the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental
Harris, R.C. 1987. Additional species not recorded in “The Lichens of Long Island, New York.” Evansia 4: 4-5.
Harris, R.C., C. K. Schmitt and K. Anderson. 1987. Lichens of eastern
Lücking, R. and K. Kalb. 2000. Foliikole Flechten aus Brasilien
(vornehmlich Amazonien), inklusive einer Checkliste und Bemerkungen zu Coenogonium und Dimerella (Gyalectaceae) [Foliicolous lichens from
Written by: Irwin M. Brodo
Edited for the internet by: Philip F. May
Original date online:
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Suggested citation: Brodo, I.M. 2004. Lichens of